The Hamas-Israel conflict is a long-standing and deeply complex struggle rooted in historical, political, and religious tensions. Hamas, an Islamist militant group that governs the Gaza Strip, has frequently engaged in armed confrontations with Israel, which considers Hamas a terrorist organization, as do the U.S., EU, and other nations. The conflict is fueled by territorial disputes, security concerns, and ideological differences, leading to repeated escalations, including rocket attacks, airstrikes, and military operations. The Hamas-Israel conflict remains one of the most intense and long-standing geopolitical struggles in the modern era. Rooted in historical grievances, territorial disputes, and religious ideologies, the conflict has escalated in recent years with multiple wars, rocket attacks, and military responses. The rise of Hamas as a governing body in Gaza has led to persistent clashes with Israel, which views the organization as a major security threat. In response, Israel has implemented strict border controls, carried out targeted strikes, and sought to neutralize Hamas’ military capabilities. This ongoing cycle of violence has led to significant humanitarian crises, drawing international concern and intervention efforts. Some analysts attempt to apply this framework to the Hamas-Israel conflict, framing it as part of a broader struggle between Western and Islamic civilizations. However, this perspective oversimplifies the conflict, which is influenced by nationalism, geopolitics, and historical grievances rather than a mere civilizational divide. Efforts to broker peace have faced numerous challenges, including failed ceasefires, political divisions, and external interventions. While diplomatic solutions remain elusive, the humanitarian toll on civilians in Gaza and Israel underscores the urgent need for sustainable conflict resolution efforts, focusing on coexistence, security, and mutual recognition. This book explores the historical, political, and ideological dimensions of the Hamas-Israel conflict through the lens of the Clash of Civilizations thesis.