The Arthashastra, authored by the legendary scholar Chanakya (also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta), is a seminal Sanskrit text on statecraft, economics, and military strategy, composed around the 4th century BCE. The Arthashastra of Chanakya is a monumental treatise on statecraft, economics, and political strategy, composed in the 4th century BCE by the ancient Indian scholar and royal advisor Chanakya (also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta). This seminal work, often regarded as the world’s first comprehensive manual on governance, systematically addresses every facet of state administration, from law and diplomacy to espionage and economic policy. Often compared to Machiavelli’s The Prince, it offers a comprehensive guide for rulers to govern a prosperous and secure kingdom. At its core, the Arthashastra outlines the Saptanga theory (Seven Pillars of State), emphasizing the interdependence of a sovereign, ministers, territory, treasury, army, allies, and justice. Chanakya’s pragmatic approach blends moral governance with ruthless realism, advocating espionage, diplomacy, and tactical warfare when necessary. The text details administrative systems, tax policies, trade regulations, and labor laws, reflecting advanced economic thought for its time. The Arthashastra remains a timeless manual on power and governance, revered for its blend of idealism and pragmatism. Its insights into human nature, leadership, and strategic thinking continue to inspire politicians, economists, and business leaders worldwide. Arthashastra is Chanakya’s ancient masterpiece on statecraft, economics, and military strategy, offering timeless wisdom for governance and power management.